Jorzani Forest and Sea Turtle Sanctuary

Jorzani Forest became a national park in just 2004.  It is 50 km square of mangrove, coral and swamp.  It is below sea level so it is always very green and lush with lots of ferns year round.  It was really cool!  My favorite thing was the Zanzibar Red Colubus Monkies.  They live only in Zanzibar and are almost extinct with just about 2350 left in the wild.  They seem very tame though and very used to people.  One came up to me and put his little arms around my leg!  The monkies travel in troops of 30 to 50 with one to four dominant males in each group. In 1990 researchers sent about 20 red colobus monkies to the island of Pemba to see if they could start a colony, but now there are only 6 left there.  They eat leaves and unripe fruit because they can not digest sugars from ripe fruit.  They have 4 fingers on their hands and 5 toes on their feet.  I also saw a troop of Sykes monkies that were very blue, unlike the ones that I saw in Kakamega Forest in Kenya.

While at Jorzani we also went on a boardwalk through the mangroves.  I learned that the water in the mangroves is tidal, so that the high tide water come right up to the boadwalk bridge.  The mangrove trees have their roots raised out of the ground which makes them look like they can walk at low tide!  The trees are all protected in the Jorzani Forest, so they can not be cut down even though it is a strong wood and good for building.

After the forest, I visited a Sea Turtle Sanctuary where there were green sea turtles that had been rescued  from fishermen; they would have been used for turtle soup.  The sanctuary keep the turtles for one year before they return them to the wild.  I fed them with spinach by throwing it into the water.  Did you know that sea turtles can only eat in the water and that they shoot the water out of their noses?  Turtles can live for more than 100 years, and one of them at the sanctuary seemed really big, although he was only about 20 years old.

Kizimkazi Beach Walk

Walking alonmg Kizimkazi beah at low tide was very exciting because we saw lots of interesting things like coral, sea urchins, star fish and masses of jelly like material shaped like brains.  We saw three types of starfish: blue ones, red ones with sharp points, and ones that squirmed around in my hand with bodies like brains.  We even saw a samll octopus hiding under a rock but, sadly, we were unable to catch him to pick him up.  I am gald that I was wearing my water shoes because at times the sand was sticky like clay.  They also protected me from the sharp coral stone and the thousands of sea urchins.

Here are some of the pictures that we took during our walk along the beach.

Zanzibar Slave Market.

Srone town in Zanzibar was home to the last remaining slave market in East Africa.  It is now a museum, but as you walk into the small, dank slave chambers, you can imagine how horrible it must have been for the 75 adults plus children to be kept there.  It had a dug out parthway in the middle that would have been the toilet, and it would be washed away in high tide as the current swept into the chamber.  Many slaves died of stravation or suffication.  If they did survive, they were sold in the market place above.  Slaves would have been tied to the whipping tree and whipped to see if they cried out.  The longer they lasted without crying, the more valuable they were - and the more likey that they would be sold and not have to return to the gruesome slave chambers.

The slaves would have been captured from all over East Africa, except Zanzibar, and sold to countries in the Indian Ocean.  When explorer Dr David Livingstone visited Zanzibar, he was horrified by the salve markets, and returned to England to get support to stop the slave trade.  It took 9 years to convince the Sultan of Zanzibar to abolish the slave market in 1873, but sadly Livingstone died just 1 month before the agreement.  After the end of the market, an Anglican Cathedral was built on the exact spot where the market had stood, and the whipping tree post became the alter - a gruesome reminder of days gone by.  There is also a crucifix hanging in the cathedral which is made of wood from a tree in Zimbabwe, under which Livingstone's heart was buried.

The Truth About Dhows!

A dhow is a wooden sailing vessel used mainly in the Indian Ocean. They originated from Persia in the 6th century and by the 8th century they were strong enough to travel to China from East Africa. They are defined by their large triangular sails, which allows them to go faster than their original square sails.  Sadly, after the engine was invented, dhows changed to use motors rather than sails.  An interesting fact is that they are sewn together with coconut fibres rather than nails.  This is because the sailors believed that there were magnetic rocks athe bottom of the ocean that would pull the iron nails dowwn and sink the boat!
Originally dhows were double ended and could go forward and backwards, but now they are mostly square at one end..  There are many different types of dhows in two main catergories which are coastal and ocean going dhows.  Some of the coastal dhows were the Sambuc and the Jalbur:  the Sambuc was a double ended cargo ship that was capable of carrying 15-60 tons; the Jalbur was square ended ship that could carry 15-20 tons of passengers or cargo.  Some of the ocean goping dhows were the Bum and the Baghala:  the Bum could carry 20-200 tons in the 1800's, but by 1940 it could carry 60-300 tons; the Baghala was a very large dhow that could carry 150-250 tons and later upto 300 tons.
The main cargoe in the 10th to 19th century was exporting ivory from Africa to India and China.  In the 13th century they also exported Zimbabwe gold until the 16th century.  Before that, in the 8th and 9th century they had exported slaves to Iraq for cultivating, and again later in the 19th century they imported slaves to Zanzibar to work on date plantations and dive for pearls.  In the 13th centry until mid 20th century they also exported dried and salted fish.  Dhows have also carried dates to all countries in the Indian ocean.
The dhow era ended in the mid 20th century when safer and faster methods were introduced, for example steam.  Dhows are still used by local fisherman in East Africa and by tourism companies.  I had the awesome experience of sailing on a dhow in the Indian Ocean while snorkeling and looking for dolphins!

I learned most of this information at the House of Wonders Museum in Stone Town, Zanzibar.  There is a cool dhow right in the middle of the museum.

Princess Salme Spice Tour

Yesterday we went to "Beit el Mtoni", or house at the creek in persian. It is in persian because the first Sultan of Zanaibar was from Persia. He was called Sultan Seyyid Said Bin Sultan and his daughter, Princess Salme, was the princess of Zanzibar. Salme's mother was actually a slave to the Sultan, but Salme was born with all the priviledges of a free child. After going around the ruins of the palace and the persian baths, we went on a donkey ride around the gardens. Salme used to like riding by donkey cart. She also enjoyed taking a trip on a dhow, which we did next, sailing up the coast to Salme's uncle's home which has been restored. We had a coffee ceremoney here, but I didn't really enjoy the coffee. Afterwards, we took a dadala (a small taxi like a matatu) to the spice plantation that was once owned by the second Sultan of Zanzibar (Salme's brother.)

At the spice farm I learned about many different fruits and spices some of them were:
1. Cinnemon which is called the king of spice. It can cure 20 diseases including blood pressure, digestion, headaches, and asthma. You can use the roots, the bark and the leaves.
2. Cardamon is called the queen of spice and can cure 16 different diseases including the hiccups!
3. Cocoa is used to make chocolate
4. Lime, which was my favorite smell, helps prevent colds and headaches.
5. Starfruit really looks like a star shape and it is very high in vitamin C.
6. Kapok cotton comes from the kapok tree. The adolesent trees have spikes on their trunks to stop animals from climbing it. The cotton is used for plaster casts, pillow stuffing and to seal the dowhs at the seams.
7. Lemon grass is very healthy and used to make tea, as well as an scent to keep mosquitoes away.
8. Jackfruit was one of my favorites. It is very big and heavy with lots of single fruitlets like pineapple.  I had the chance to eat one and it is very sticky.
9. Ginger grows close to the ground and we only use the roots.
10. Pineapple also grows on the ground in small bushes, with one or two fruits per bush. If you cut off the top of it and plant it, you will get another bush.
At the end of our tour, a boy climbed up the coconut tree using just a short rope around his feet and shimmied up the tree to throw coconuts down for us to drink and eat. He aslo made a top hat and tie for our each of us.

I really enjoyed ths spice tour and I think I will eat more spices and tropical fruits now that I know about them!

Moivaro Coffee Plantation

I didn't find the coffee plantation very interesting because our guide wasn't very good, but I learned that:
- Coffee trees take 3 years to grow before they can be harvested.
- The coffee trees grow best in the shade so people plant them with banana trees to give them shade.
- The workers harvest them every 4 months.
- Coffee is one of Tanzania's top exports.
- The harvesters are paid $1 per day for each row of trees.
The process of going from tree to the market place is as follows:
1. The tree gets small white flowers which turn into beans. When the beans turn red they are ready to be picked.
2. Once they are picked, they are peeled with a small hand held machine, but the larger plantation companies send them straight to the factory for processing.
3. The beans are then dried in the sun for 14 days.
4. Next, the beans are roasted in an open fire fueled with charcoal.
5. The beans are then ground in another hand machine and turned into a powder for Aribica Coffee. Some beans are also exported with out being ground.

I also learned about avocado trees. I found out that it only takes 2 years until a tree bears fruit and four months for the fruit to ripen. The fruit is harvested by climbing into the tree and shaking it so that the ripe fruit falls down to the ground.

New Pictures!

I have had a chance to update the blog and have added many new pictures. Go back and check them out!